BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
波克夏海瑟崴股份有限公司
To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:
致Berkshire公司全體股東:
First, a few words about accounting. The merger with Diversified
Retailing Company, Inc. at yearend adds two new complications in the
presentation of our financial results. After the merger, our ownership of
Blue Chip Stamps increased to approximately 58% and, therefore, the
accounts of that company must be fully consolidated in the Balance Sheet
and Statement of Earnings presentation of Berkshire. In previous reports,
our share of the net earnings only of Blue Chip had been included as a single
item on Berkshire’s Statement of Earnings, and there had been a similar
one-line inclusion on our Balance Sheet of our share of their net assets.
首先,是會計相關的議題,在年底與多元零售公司的合併後,對於公司的財務報表有
兩項影響,首先在合併案完成後,我們對藍籌郵票的持股比例將提高至58%左右,意
味著該公司的資產負債以及盈餘數字必須全部納到Berkshire的報表之內,在此之
前,我們僅透過權益法按投資比例認列藍籌郵票的淨值與收益。
This full consolidation of sales, expenses, receivables, inventories,
debt, etc. produces an aggregation of figures from many diverse businesses
- textiles, insurance, candy, newspapers, trading stamps - with dramatically
different economic characteristics. In some of these your ownership is 100%
but, in those businesses which are owned by Blue Chip but fully consolidated,
your ownership as a Berkshire shareholder is only 58%. (Ownership by others
of the balance of these businesses is accounted for by the large minority
interest item on the liability side of the Balance Sheet.) Such a grouping of
Balance Sheet and Earnings items - some wholly owned, some partly owned -
tends to obscure economic reality more than illuminate it. In fact, it
represents a form of presentation that we never prepare for internal use
during the year and which is of no value to us in any management activities.
如此全面性地將營收、費用、應收帳款、存貨及負債等科目合併,所產生的數字將來
自於各種產業特性截然不同的行業,包含紡織、保險、糖果、報紙及郵票等,某些行
業各位的持有的權益是100%,某些例如由藍籌郵票所持有的卻只有58%(至於其他股
東所代表的權益,則列在資產負債表右半邊負債科目的少數股東權益項下),對於財務
報表這樣的歸類,我們認為非但無法解釋實際現況反而模糊了真正的焦點,事實上,
我們內部從來就不使用這樣的報表進行分析管理。
For that reason, throughout the report we provide much separate
financial information and commentary on the various segments of the
business to help you evaluate Berkshire’s performance and prospects.
Much of this segmented information is mandated by SEC disclosure rules and
covered in “Management’s Discussion” on pages 29 to 34. And in this letter
we try to present to you a view of our various operating entities from the
same perspective that we view them managerially.
基於這樣的理由,在接下來的報告中,我們將針對個別的行業提供各自的財務數字及
分析檢討,以協助各位評估Berkshire實際的表現及前景,這些資訊大都是證管會資
訊揭露的相關要求,詳見29頁到34頁的管理階層討論,至於在這裡我們則試著以經
營者的角度為各位分析各個營利單位的表現。
1977 巴菲特給股東的信
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
波克夏海瑟崴股份有限公司
To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:
致Berkshire公司全體股東:
Operating earnings in 1977 of $21,904,000, or $22.54 per share, were
moderately better than anticipated a year ago. Of these earnings, $1.43 per
share resulted from substantial realized capital gains by Blue Chip Stamps
which, to the extent of our proportional interest in that company, are
included in our operating earnings figure. Capital gains or losses realized
directly by Berkshire Hathaway Inc. or its insurance subsidiaries are not
included in our calculation of operating earnings. While too much attention
should not be paid to the figure for any single year, over the longer term the
record regarding aggregate capital gains or losses obviously is of
significance.
1977年本公司的營業淨利為2,190萬美元,每股約當22.54美元,表現較年前的預期
稍微好一點,在這些盈餘中,每股有1.43美元的盈餘,係藍籌郵票大量實現的資本利
得,本公司依照投資比例認列投資收益所貢獻,至於Berkshire本身及其保險子公司
已實現的資本利得或損失,則不列入營業利益計算,建議大家不必太在意單一期間的
盈餘數字,因為長期累積的資本利得或損失才是真正的重點所在。
波克夏海瑟崴股份有限公司
To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:
致Berkshire公司全體股東:
Operating earnings in 1977 of $21,904,000, or $22.54 per share, were
moderately better than anticipated a year ago. Of these earnings, $1.43 per
share resulted from substantial realized capital gains by Blue Chip Stamps
which, to the extent of our proportional interest in that company, are
included in our operating earnings figure. Capital gains or losses realized
directly by Berkshire Hathaway Inc. or its insurance subsidiaries are not
included in our calculation of operating earnings. While too much attention
should not be paid to the figure for any single year, over the longer term the
record regarding aggregate capital gains or losses obviously is of
significance.
1977年本公司的營業淨利為2,190萬美元,每股約當22.54美元,表現較年前的預期
稍微好一點,在這些盈餘中,每股有1.43美元的盈餘,係藍籌郵票大量實現的資本利
得,本公司依照投資比例認列投資收益所貢獻,至於Berkshire本身及其保險子公司
已實現的資本利得或損失,則不列入營業利益計算,建議大家不必太在意單一期間的
盈餘數字,因為長期累積的資本利得或損失才是真正的重點所在。
2009 巴菲特給股東的信 -讀後
每股內在價值不能精確的求得,只能
分配資金、控制企業風險、挑選經理人
Ajit Jain,保險業務的不可能承保者
保險業,無利息貸款
Dave Sokol,重整資產架構NETJETS,但沒有降低安全和服務標準。
CATHY PACific
When stock is the currency being contemplated in an acquisition and when directors are hearing from
an advisor, it appears to me that there is only one way to get a rational and balanced discussion. Directors should
hire a second advisor to make the case against the proposed acquisition, with its fee contingent on the deal not
going through. Absent this drastic remedy, our recommendation in respect to the use of advisors remains: “Don’t
ask the barber whether you need a haircut.”
用雙軌分析來定價收購案。HIRE AN advisor to agree and Hire another to disagree.
不能忽視rish management, 這太重要了
拿衍生工具作例子,不是不能持有,但是要了解透徹,
並同樣地,找認為定錯價的來投資。
分配資金、控制企業風險、挑選經理人
Ajit Jain,保險業務的不可能承保者
保險業,無利息貸款
Dave Sokol,重整資產架構NETJETS,但沒有降低安全和服務標準。
CATHY PACific
When stock is the currency being contemplated in an acquisition and when directors are hearing from
an advisor, it appears to me that there is only one way to get a rational and balanced discussion. Directors should
hire a second advisor to make the case against the proposed acquisition, with its fee contingent on the deal not
going through. Absent this drastic remedy, our recommendation in respect to the use of advisors remains: “Don’t
ask the barber whether you need a haircut.”
用雙軌分析來定價收購案。HIRE AN advisor to agree and Hire another to disagree.
不能忽視rish management, 這太重要了
拿衍生工具作例子,不是不能持有,但是要了解透徹,
並同樣地,找認為定錯價的來投資。
股票認購投資例子。
2006 巴菲特給股東的信 -讀後
06給股東的信
保單人數
比較同行業的對手的廣告支出
成本能否於一段時間後,遠低於業界標準。
請注意是經過「一段時間」之後,因為總有週期性不太好的幾年
優於競爭對手
理賠金何時正式支付,在支付支前能創造出多少現金
話雖如此,但我們卻會運用此一良機,尋覓其他的不動產仲介事業,作為收購標的。在十年後,美國家庭服務公司必然將遠超過今日的規模。
員工的成長人數,對比企對成長率,再對比同行成長率
成本能否於一段時間後,遠低於業界標準。
請注意是經過「一段時間」之後,因為總有週期性不太好的幾年
優於競爭對手
理賠金何時正式支付,在支付支前能創造出多少現金
話雖如此,但我們卻會運用此一良機,尋覓其他的不動產仲介事業,作為收購標的。在十年後,美國家庭服務公司必然將遠超過今日的規模。
員工的成長人數,對比企對成長率,再對比同行成長率
經營現金流 的研讀
高速發展期,產品迅速占領市場資金回籠很快,經營現金流為正數,因需追加投資擴大市場份額故投資現金流為負數、籌資現金流為正數。進入產品成熟期後,市場 銷售穩定且進入投資回收期故經營現金流與投資現金流皆為正數,但很多外部資金需償還以保持企業良好的資信程度,故籌資現金流為負數。
公司是否在玩數字游戲,還可以比較淨利潤的增長率和經營活動現金流量淨額的增長率。如果如果前者增速明顯高於後者增速,則表明實際增長情況相當可疑。
此 外,還可以通過年報中披露的數據大致去估算職工人均年收入,虛增利潤的公司往往都不會提高真實的薪酬支付,因此這個數字越高出行業及地域平均水平,越意味 著公司質素超群。
完美企業的條件
具高度參考價值的撰文:
http://wawafinanceessais.blogspot.com.au/2011/05/blog-post_14.html
從上文減去作者的認識並加上個人經驗,暫參考如下:
● 完美企業應有的特性
.是簡單、易懂的企業
.在銷售的產品或服務上 具有持久的獨占性
.產品製造成本很低
.產品售價很低
.有長久、龐大的營業利潤 (在可預見的未來:如十年)
.管理層對企業專注、熱情、誠實
.護城河 (定價能力、品牌、商譽、行業進入)
.產品和製程能讓世界更美好(!)
http://wawafinanceessais.blogspot.com.au/2011/05/blog-post_14.html
從上文減去作者的認識並加上個人經驗,暫參考如下:
● 完美企業應有的特性
.是簡單、易懂的企業
.在銷售的產品或服務上 具有持久的獨占性
.產品製造成本很低
.產品售價很低
.有長久、龐大的營業利潤 (在可預見的未來:如十年)
.管理層對企業專注、熱情、誠實
.護城河 (定價能力、品牌、商譽、行業進入)
.產品和製程能讓世界更美好(!)
南懷瑾
南懷瑾 摘
佛為心、道為骨、儒為表,大度看世界;技在手、能在身、思在腦,從容過生活。三千年年讀史,不外功名利祿;九萬里悟道,終歸詩酒。
佛為心、道為骨、儒為表,大度看世界;技在手、能在身、思在腦,從容過生活。三千年年讀史,不外功名利祿;九萬里悟道,終歸詩酒。
儒家為糧食店,餓時求食;道家為藥店,有病無病皆可用之補身;佛家為百貨店,各尋各人所需。
海爾集團 收購案
海爾集團在1984年成立之初只是一家冰箱製造商﹐其去年的收入達到233億美元。總部設在青島的海爾集團是中國首批進行海外擴張的公司之一(該公司在上
世紀90年代就在歐洲、日本和美國推出其品牌)﹐並開始在海外建立其業務機構。海爾集團去年收購了日本三洋電機股份有限公司(Sanyo
Electric Co.)的洗衣機和家用冰箱業務。海爾的雇員總數達八萬人﹐產品行銷100多個國家。在全球白色家電市場的份額約為6%。
中國家電製造商海爾集團(Haier Group Corp.)的海外擴張之路遭受挫折:新西蘭家電製造企業斐雪派克家用電器控股有限公司(Fisher & Paykel Appliances Holdings Ltd., 簡稱:斐雪派克)拒絕了其所提8.69億新西蘭元(約合7.134億美元)的收購要約﹐稱海爾的出價低估了該公司的價值。
海爾集團在上個月向新西蘭家電製造企業斐雪派克家用電器控股有限公司(Fisher & Paykel Appliances Holdings Ltd., 簡稱:斐雪派克)提出8.69億新西蘭元(約合7.134億美元)的收購要約,收購目的是為了獲得該公司寶貴的技術﹐(如果收購成功﹐海爾能獲得斐雪派克的洗碗機等頗受歡迎的技術。斐雪派克的洗碗機帶有兩個抽屜﹐而不是傳統的下拉門。斐雪派克已經向海爾提供洗衣機使用的直驅馬達。)並試圖擴大其在澳大利亞和歐洲等市場的份額。海爾集團目前已經擁有斐雪派克20%的股權。海爾集團說﹐擁有斐雪派克17.5%股權的基金公司Allan Gray Australia Pty. Ltd.已同意接受收購價。
20% + 17.5% =37.5% if deal is successfully executed at least.
中國家電製造商海爾集團(Haier Group Corp.)的海外擴張之路遭受挫折:新西蘭家電製造企業斐雪派克家用電器控股有限公司(Fisher & Paykel Appliances Holdings Ltd., 簡稱:斐雪派克)拒絕了其所提8.69億新西蘭元(約合7.134億美元)的收購要約﹐稱海爾的出價低估了該公司的價值。
海爾集團在上個月向新西蘭家電製造企業斐雪派克家用電器控股有限公司(Fisher & Paykel Appliances Holdings Ltd., 簡稱:斐雪派克)提出8.69億新西蘭元(約合7.134億美元)的收購要約,收購目的是為了獲得該公司寶貴的技術﹐(如果收購成功﹐海爾能獲得斐雪派克的洗碗機等頗受歡迎的技術。斐雪派克的洗碗機帶有兩個抽屜﹐而不是傳統的下拉門。斐雪派克已經向海爾提供洗衣機使用的直驅馬達。)並試圖擴大其在澳大利亞和歐洲等市場的份額。海爾集團目前已經擁有斐雪派克20%的股權。海爾集團說﹐擁有斐雪派克17.5%股權的基金公司Allan Gray Australia Pty. Ltd.已同意接受收購價。
20% + 17.5% =37.5% if deal is successfully executed at least.
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